Excess Weight and Body Fat Percentage Associated with Waist Circumference as a Cardiometabolic Risk Factor in University Students.

BACKGROUND: Obesity is one of the most important public health problems for university students. The objective of the study was to evaluate the association between body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage (%BF) with waist circumference (WC) as a cardiometabolic risk factor (CMR) among university students. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out in 2,048 students from a private university located in Lima, Peru. Anthropometric data (weight, height, %BF, and WC) were collected. Chi-square test was used. Association analysis was performed using multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: The findings indicated that 36.9% and 61.1% of men were overweight and had higher %BF, respectively, compared to women. Women (OR, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.17, 0.29), Peruvian students (OR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.39, 0.90), and students enrolled in the faculty of health sciences (OR = 0.76; 95% CI, 0.62, 0.94) are less likely to manifest CMR. Also, excess body weight (OR, 17.28; 95% CI, 13.21, 22.59) and a high %BF (OR, 4.55; 95% CI, 3.55, 5.84) were strongly associated with CMR. CONCLUSION: CMRs are a public health problem among university students. Therefore, it is important to carry out healthy lifestyle programs to promote better control and prevention, particularly among male students and those who have excess weight and body fat.

Nutritional knowledge, anthropometric profile, total cholesterol and motivations in vegetarians and non-vegetarians

BACKGROUND: Research often reports on the anthropometric and biochemical profile of vegetarians and non-vegetarians, yet few have compared nutritional knowledge in both populations. This cross-sectional study compared nutritional knowledge, anthropometric profile and total cholesterol in vegetarians and non-vegetarians. In addition, the motivations for choosing a vegetarian diet were analyzed. METHODS: A registry card and a questionnaire were administered to evaluate sociodemographic, anthropometric, total cholesterol, nutritional knowledge and motivation data of the vegetarians. Data were analyzed using Chi-square and t-student tests, considering a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: No significant difference was found in the level of nutritional knowledge of the two groups. In addition, a sufficient score was not observed in either group (>80 %). Vegetarians had significantly lower average weight, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) compared to non-vegetarians (59.948 ± 8,923 kg vs. 64.362 ± 12.272 kg, p = 0.017), (23.22 ± 3.026 kg/m2 vs. 25.152 ± 3,373 kg/m2, p < 0.01) and (78.435 ± 10.883 cm vs. 86.207 ± 13.662 cm, p < 0.01), respectively. Total cholesterol concentration was significantly lower in vegetarians (166.307 ± 26.139 mg/dL vs. 189.138 ± 38.451 mg/dL, p < 0.01). The "health benefits" were the main motivations to opt for vegetarianism (32.3%). CONCLUSIONS: Vegetarians presented a better anthropometric profile and lower levels of total cholesterol. However, there were no differences regarding knowledge levels. The highest proportion of vegetarian's report choosing the vegetarian lifestyle for health reasons

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Health-Related Quality of Life, Blood Pressure, and Biochemical and Anthropometric Profile in Vegetarians and Nonvegetarians.

Several studies have been carried out which mainly focus on the analysis of the lipid profile in vegetarians and nonvegetarians. However, few studies have been undertaken in this population oriented to quality of life and health. This study aimed to compare health-related quality of life, blood pressure, and biochemical and anthropometric profile in vegetarians and nonvegetarians. The study included 149 participants out of an initial sample of 162: 62 vegetarians and 87 nonvegetarians. Health-related quality of life was assessed with the SF-12 Health Questionnaire version 2 and was related with the lipid profile, glucose, blood pressure, anthropometric measures, and sociodemographic characteristics. Vegetarians presented better Body Mass Index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC), as well as higher LDL levels. No significant differences in HDL and TG concentrations were found. Serum glucose concentrations were significantly lower among vegetarians. Nonvegetarian males had higher diastolic pressure levels. Vegetarian women had significantly higher levels of systolic pressure. As for the physical health and mental health components of quality of life, no significant differences were found in vegetarian and nonvegetarian women and men. In conclusion, vegetarians presented a better anthropometric profile, lower glycaemia, and higher LDL levels but no significant differences in health-related quality of life compared with nonvegetarians.

Hábitos alimentarios, estado nutricional y perfil lipídico en un grupo de pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 / Dietary habits, nutritional status and lipid profile in patients group with type 2 diabetes

Introducción objetivo: la diabetes tipo II constituye uno de los problemas de salud pública. Una mejor compresión de los factores asociados al estado nutricional y el perfil lipídico, puede disminuir la carga de la enfermedad. Se determinó relación entre hábitos alimentarios, el estado nutricional y el perfil lipídico en pacientes con diabetes tipo II. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: se realizó un estudio descriptivo correlacional en 85 pacientes diabéticos. Se utilizó el Cuestionario de Hábitos Alimentarios de los Institutos Nacionales de Salud de Estados Unidos para evaluar los hábitos dietéticos. Se midieron peso y talla y se calcularon el incide de masa corporal (IMC) y porcentaje de grasa corporal (%GC). Además, se evaluaron el perfil lipídico y las concentraciones de hemoglobina glucosilada (HbA1c), lipoproteína de baja densidad (LDL), lipoproteínas de alta densidad (HDL), colesterol total (Col- total) y triglicéridos (TG). RESULTADOS: el 88% de los participantes presentaron hábitos alimentarios inadecuados. Los valores del IMC y %GC estuvieron elevados. Se evidenciaron concentraciones elevadas de Col-total en los varones. Los niveles de HDL y LDL fueron normales. Las concentraciones de HbA1c fueron elevadas. Se encontró correlación entre los hábitos alimentarios con el IMC, Col-total y los TG (rho=-0.224; p = 0.039), (rho=-0.270, p = 0.013) y (rho=-0.230, p = 0.034), respectivamente. No se observó correlación entre los hábitos alimentarios y el %GC, el HDL, LDL y HbA1c. Se encontró que el IMC está asociado con el HDL y el nivel de HbA1c (rho= -0.218, p= 0.045) y (rho= 0.32, p= 0.002), respectivamente. No hubo relación entre el %GC y el perfil lipídico. CONCLUSIÓN: los resultados demostraron niveles elevados de IMC, %GC, Col-total y HbA1c. Además, los hábitos alimentarios inadecuados y el aumento del IMC se asociaron con el perfil lipídico. Estos resultados sugieren la importancia clínica de estos indicadores en la predicción, prevención y control de la diabetes tipo 2

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: type II diabetes constitutes one of the public health problems. A better understanding of the factors associated with nutritional status and lipid profile can decrease the burden of this disease. Relationship between eating habits, nutritional status and lipid profile was determined in patients with type II diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: a descriptive correlational study was performed in 85 diabetic patients. The Dietary Habits Questionnaire from the United States National Institutes of Health was used to assess dietary habits. Weight and height were measured and body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage (BF%) were calculated. In addition, lipid profile and Correspondencia: Jacksaint Saintila jacksaintsaintila@upeu.edu.pe the concentrations of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were evaluated, along with low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), total cholesterol (Total-Chol) and triglycerides (TG). RESULTS: 88% of the participants had inadequate dietary habits. BMI and BF% values were high. Levels of Total-Chol in men were high. HDL and LDL levels were normal. HbA1c concentrations were high. Correlation was found between dietary habits and BMI, Total-Chol and TG (rho = -0.224; p = 0.039), (rho = -0.270, p = 0.013) and (rho = -0.230, p = 0.034), respectively. There was no correlation between eating habits and BF%, HDL, LDL, and HbA1c. BMI was found to be associated with HDL and HbA1c level (rho = -0.218, p = 0.045) and (rho = 0.32, p = 0.002), respectively. There was no relationship between BF% and lipid profile. CONCLUSION: the results showed high levels of BMI, % GC, Col-total and HbA1c. Furthermore, inadequate eating habits and increased BMI were associated with lipid profile. These results support the clinical importance of these indicators in the prediction, prevention and control of type 2 diabetes